When Railroads Were Sought

When All of the Oceans Were Frozen

Science is the most fun when it makes things simple. And it is at the best when we find a theory that makes many previously-unrelated observations fit together like a puzzle, and which then leads to new predictions and discoveries. During the midto late 1960s, Plate-Tectonics did this in grand style for most of the Earth sciences, allowing an entire host of observations from paleontology to pet...

How many were there when it mattered

Size matters, particularly in demonstrations. A demonstration is in support of a movement or a cause. The movement has a number of sympathisers. The perceived number of sympathisers is important. If it is seen to be large, then it becomes easier to recruit others to the cause, and to persuade inactive sympathisers to join the demonstrations. Also, if the movement numbers are large then it is mo...

Railroads and American Law

Urgent fisheries changes sought

Europe's fishermen should stop catching North Sea cod and continue to avoid Bay of Biscay anchovies next year if the two species are to stand a chance of survival after years of chronic overfishing, scientists announced last month. Despite improvements in the numbers of northern hake, herring and mackerel, other species living in the northeast Atlantic need more time to rebuild stocks, the Inte...

Symbol-level precoding is symbol-perturbed ZF when energy Efficiency is sought

This paper considers symbol-level precoding (SLP) for multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) downlink. SLP is a nonlinear precoding scheme that utilizes symbol constellation structures. It has been shown that SLP can outperform the popular linear beamforming scheme. In this work we reveal a hidden connection between SLP and linear beamforming. We show that under an energy minimization de...